Sonoextraction of phenolic compounds and saponins from Aesculus hippocastanum seed kernels: Modeling and optimization

The sonoextraction (SE) of aescin saponins and phenolic compounds from the inedible seed kernels Aesculus hippocastanum was optimized using a central composite rotatable design coupled with response surface methodology, where joint effects ultrasonic power, sonication time, ethanol proportion were investigated. Flavonol glycosides (≥90 % fraction), flavan-3-ols, acids, identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS n , quantitative data fitted to quadratic model predict optimal SE conditions. After validating models, significant effect three factors confirmed. extraction flavonols maximized 48 ± 2 mg/g extract at 105.9 W for 4.1 min in 83.9 ethanol, while 19.9 100.9 95.8 favored recovery 3.8 0.1 saponins. A process simultaneous both classes phytochemicals also established. Overall, these processes proved be time-saving selective A. active constituents, which are cognized their wide range bioactivities applications pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food industries. • Horse chestnut kernel characterized HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. glycosides, acids α- β-aescin identified. Extraction affected power time mainly proportion. Optimized implemented all compounds. Sonoextraction stood out as seed’s